TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

• Joshua Williams,
• Michael I. Faley,
• Joseph Vimal Vas,
• Peng-Han Lu and
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

• a 54.7° slope with respect to the etched surface on the sidewalls. Because of the (010) edge orientation of Si substrates, etching occurs faster in diagonal directions of the substrates, resulting in sharp edges on the structure (Figure 11b). Magnetic measurements Setup All TEM magnetic measurements

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• . The DC data were recorded under external applied fields of 100 or 1000 Oe in the 2–300 K temperature range. The AC data were collected under an applied field of 3.95 Oe at 997, 333, 110, 10, and 1 Hz. All magnetic measurements were carried out in eicosane, since this diamagnetic material allows for a

• better immobilization of these small anisotropic crystals, precluding any artefacts in the magnetic measurements. The porous texture of all prepared materials was characterized by N2 adsorption at 77 K and CO2 at 273 K in an AUTOSORB-6 apparatus. Prior to the measurements, the samples were degassed for 4

• experiments and further characterization in Figure S5 and Figure S6, Supporting Information File 1). Regarding sample x10M, the asymmetry of the (003) reflection observed in PXRD can be an indicator of the presence of an impurity. Furthermore, we have characterized these samples by conventional SQUID magnetic

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO₃ nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

• Ilka Simon,
• Alexandr Savitsky,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Vladimir Pankov and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

• /WO3 composite and CO gas, a response time (Tres) of 7 min and a recovery time (Trec) of 2 min was determined. Keywords: gas sensing; magnetic measurements; nickel nanoparticles; reduced graphene oxide; tungsten oxide; Introduction Toxic gases as well as volatile organic compounds (VOC) are known air

• . Magnetic measurements were carried out by using the ponderomotive method with automatized installation for measuring magnetic characteristics and for the determination of magnetic impurities in substances by nondestructive testing with a precision to 0.01%. The measurement error for the specific

• possibility of electron transfer from nickel particles to rGO and WO3), which leads to a greater decrease in the resistance of the composite. In our case, these processes enhance the diffusion of charges at the WO3/rGO interface, but the role of nickel particles remains to be further clarified. Magnetic

Self-assembly of a terbium(III) 1D coordination polymer on mica

• Quentin Evrard,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Felix Houard,
• Guillaume Calvez,
• Yan Suffren,
• Carole Daiguebonne,
• Olivier Guillou,
• Andrea Caneschi,
• Matteo Mannini and
• Kevin Bernot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2440–2448, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.234

• magnetic measurements have first been performed on the bare cleaved mica, which subsequently has been used for the growth of the molecular nanochains. As illustrated in Figure S1 in Supporting Information File 1, the investigated mica sample shows a very weak magnetic signal in the static magnetic

• it is. The static magnetic measurements of [Tb(hfac)3·2H2O]n and [Tb(hfac)3·2H2O]n@mica have been performed at 1.8 K using a conventional SQUID magnetometer (Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1). A very good signal-to-noise ratio is observed on the deposits, which validates the use of TbIII as a

• spin carrier. However, a full saturation of the magnetization is not observed at 40 kOe, probably because of a partial loss of the magnetic anisotropy of TbIII in the deposits (vide infra). Dynamic magnetic measurements have also been performed (Figure 5). In these measurements, the magnetic

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

• Natalia E. Gervits,
• Andrey A. Gippius,
• Alexey V. Tkachev,
• Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
• Sergey S. Starchikov,
• Igor S. Lyubutin,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Alevtina S. Semkina and
• Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

• core–shell structure iron oxide nanoparticles of the same size has already been described and calculated based on magnetic measurements. In the HSA-coated sample, we also succeeded to observe the ZF-NMR signal, despite the very low iron content per unit volume and the resulting low signal-to-noise

Oblique angle deposition of nickel thin films by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering

• Hamidreza Hajihoseini,
• Movaffaq Kateb,
• Snorri Þorgeir Ingvarsson and
• Jon Tomas Gudmundsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1914–1921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.186

• . Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) was performed on 10 × 10 mm2 sized samples at 300 K. Variable magnetic fields up to ±1 T were used for magnetic measurements. Results and Discussion Thin film structure Figure 1 shows the film density, deposition rate and surface roughness of Ni films deposited by HiPIMS

Tailoring the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using the polyol process

• Malek Bibani,
• Romain Breitwieser,
• Alex Aubert,
• Vincent Loyau,
• Silvana Mercone,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1166–1176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.116

• . Magnetic properties Direct-current magnetic measurements were performed using a Quantum Design MPMS 3 superconducting quantum interference device working as a vibrational standard magnetometer. The thermal variation of the magnetic susceptibility χ(T) were recorded in both ZFC and FC modes, in the

• Prof. Frédéric Mazaleyrat (ENS Paris-Saclay) for the fruitful discussions on nanomagnetism. The magnetic measurements performed by Dr. Silvana Mercone at ESPCI have been supported through grants from the Ile-de-France Regional Council. ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) and CGI (Commissariat à

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles

• Małgorzata Świętek,
• Yi-Chin Lu,
• Rafał Konefał,
• Liliana P. Ferreira,
• M. Margarida Cruz,
• Yunn-Hwa Ma and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108

• analysis. Magnetic measurements indicated that the polymer coating does not affect the superparamagnetic character of the iron oxide core. However, magnetic saturation decreased with increasing thickness of the polymer coating. The antioxidant properties of the nanoparticles were analyzed using a 2,2

Magnetic and luminescent coordination networks based on imidazolium salts and lanthanides for sensitive ratiometric thermometry

• Pierre Farger,
• Cédric Leuvrey,
• Mathieu Gallart,
• Pierre Gilliot,
• Guillaume Rogez,
• João Rocha,
• Duarte Ananias,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Emilie Delahaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2775–2787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.259

• the auto-tuning temperature controller; after waiting 5 min to thermalize the sample, four consecutive steady-state emission spectra were measured for each temperature; the maximum temperature difference detected during the acquisitions was 0.1 K, the temperature accuracy of the controller. Magnetic

• measurements were performed using a Quantum Design SQUID-VSM magnetometer. The static susceptibility measurements were performed in the temperature range of 1.8–300 K with an applied field of 0.5 T. Samples were blocked in eicosane to avoid orientation under magnetic field. Magnetization measurements at

Disorder in H⁺-irradiated HOPG: effect of impinging energy and dose on Raman D-band splitting and surface topography

• Lisandro Venosta,
• Noelia Bajales,
• Sergio Suárez and
• Paula G. Bercoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2708–2717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.253

• ]. Furthermore, magnetic measurements are also promising as a complementary characterization technique for irradiated HOPG since it is currently accepted that a certain kind of ion-induced disorder in HOPG can give rise to uncompensated magnetic moments, in a magnitude detectable with a SQUID magnetometer (of

• splitting. Magnetic measurements are also included, in order to correlate disorder coming from irradiation with changes in remanence and coercivity. Additionally, we show results of topographical characterization performed by AFM after vibrational and magnetic measurements. A high density of surface defects

Effective sensor properties and sensitivity considerations of a dynamic co-resonantly coupled cantilever sensor

• Julia Körner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2546–2560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.237

• as well as sensor fabrication with regard to coupling and eigenfrequency matching can for example be found in [13] and [15]. The sensor concept was tested experimentally in magnetic measurements. In cantilever magnetometry, individual Co2FeGa Heusler nanoparticles were studied with respect to their

• frequency drift noise), the measurement principle (e.g., magnetic noise in case of magnetic measurements) and the excitation and detection setup (e.g., oscillator noise, detector noise) [8][20]. However, the lowest limit for a cantilever’s sensitivity is given by its thermal fluctuations leading to a

Influence of the thickness of an antiferromagnetic IrMn layer on the static and dynamic magnetization of weakly coupled CoFeB/IrMn/CoFeB trilayers

• Deepika Jhajhria,
• Dinesh K. Pandya and
• Sujeet Chaudhary

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2198–2208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.206

• -magnon scattering is also discussed. The AF-induced interfacial damping parameter is derived by studying the evolution of damping with inverse CoFeB thickness. The static magnetic measurements also reveal the interlayer exchange coupling across the IrMn layer both at room temperature and low temperature

• layer. We extracted values of αAF ≈ 0.08·10−9 m−1 and αFM = 0.00749 ± 0.0003 from the fit. The static magnetic measurements were performed at room temperature as well as at lower temperature in order to confirm the long-range magnetic interlayer coupling between the CoFeB layers and also to study the AF

• of IrMn layer can exist as exchange spring and thus might possibly mediate the long-range interlayer exchange coupling across the IrMn layer. However, no direct observation of a spiral AF spin structure has been made in the current study. The static magnetic measurements also reveal the long-range

Magnetic properties of Fe₃O₄ antidot arrays synthesized by AFIR: atomic layer deposition, focused ion beam and thermal reduction

• Juan L. Palma,
• Alejandro Pereira,
• Raquel Álvaro,
• José Miguel García-Martín and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1728–1734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.164

• lattice parameter values at least three times larger than the hole diameter. According to the magnetic measurements, the initial Fe2O3 film is paramagnetic at room temperature, whilst after thermal transformation the obtained Fe3O4 film is ferrimagnetic. Figure 4 shows the representative hysteresis curves

Single-crystalline FeCo nanoparticle-filled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties

• Rasha Ghunaim,
• Maik Scholz,
• Christine Damm,
• Bernd Rellinghaus,
• Rüdiger Klingeler,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Michael Mertig and
• Silke Hampel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1024–1034, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.95

• . Nowka for XRD Rietveld refinement, G. Kreutzer for TEM measurements and S. Gaß for support with the magnetic measurements. RG acknowledges the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for funding.

Atomic layer deposition and properties of ZrO₂/Fe₂O₃ thin films

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Helina Seemen,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Mihkel Rähn,
• Aile Tamm,
• Kaupo Kukli,
• Aarne Kasikov,
• Joosep Link,
• Raivo Stern,
• Salvador Dueñas,
• Helena Castán and
• Héctor García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 119–128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.14

• a built-in wave generator. The standard Sawyer–Tower experiment was carried out by applying a periodic triangular-shaped stimulus and recording the voltage loop data from the oscilloscope. The charge values were obtained from the sensed voltage across a stated capacitance. Magnetic measurements were

Alternating current magnetic susceptibility of a ferronematic

• Natália Tomašovičová,
• Jozef Kováč,
• Veronika Gdovinová,
• Nándor Éber,
• Tibor Tóth-Katona,
• Jan Jadżyn and
• Peter Kopčanský

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2515–2520, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.251

• solvent was let to evaporate. The final volume concentration of the solid particles was = 2 × 10−4, i.e., two times larger than in the FN investigated recently [27]. For magnetic measurements the sample was filled into cylindrical capsules of 2.5 mm in diameter and 6.5 mm in length. The magnetic

Towards molecular spintronics

• Georgeta Salvan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2464–2466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.245

• synthesized and fundamentally investigated by theoretical density functional methods and experimental scanning probe techniques as well as optical and magnetic measurements on bulk materials. Already, at this stage, basic compatibility aspects concerning device processing had to be taken into account

Methionine-mediated synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and functionalization with gold quantum dots for theranostic applications

• Arūnas Jagminas,
• Agnė Mikalauskaitė,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas and
• Jūrate Vaičiūnienė

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1734–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.174

• characterized by TEM, XRD, FTIR and magnetic measurements. Figure 1a depicts the TEM image of the as-grown NPs that have been carefully rinsed and reveals their spherical shape and a size distribution in the range of (3.0 – 8.5) nm with a mean value of 5.7 nm (Figure 1b). Furthermore, the stabilization of

• CoFe2O4@Met–Au NPs. Acknowledgements The authors are thankful to Drs. Saulius Tumėnas, Vitalija Jasulaitiene, Kęstutis Mažeika, and Vilius Poderys for FTIR and XPS spectra, magnetic measurements and AFM tests, respectively.

Formation of ferromagnetic molecular thin films from blends by annealing

• Peter Robaschik,
• Ye Ma,
• Salahud Din and
• Sandrine Heutz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1469–1475, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.146

• with their long axis measuring up to 10 µm. X-ray diffraction studies show that the out-of-plane dimensions of the grains (84 ± 9 nm) are comparable to the target film thickness of 100 nm, which means that no grain boundaries parallel to the substrate plane are expected. Magnetic measurements reveal

• investigated in transmission mode utilising a Nicolet iS10 FTIR spectrometer from Thermo Scientific with an optimised spectral range of 7800–350 cm−1 and a resolution of 0.4 cm−1. The magnetic measurements were conducted with a Quantum Design MPMS-7 SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device

Synthesis of [Fe(L_eq)(L_ax)]_n coordination polymer nanoparticles using blockcopolymer micelles

• Christoph Göbel,
• Ottokar Klimm,
• Florian Puchtler,
• Sabine Rosenfeldt,
• Stephan Förster and
• Birgit Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1318–1327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.133

• the second step, strongly depends on the scan rate used for the magnetic measurements. For the measurements presented in Figure 1, the settle mode was used, which corresponds to an approximate scan rate of 0.3 K·min−1. This allows the system to equilibrate at each temperature step where a measurement

• Information File 1, Table S1) in the range expected for iron(II) HS complexes of this ligand type [55]. The steps and the incomplete spin crossover observed in the magnetic measurements could be due to inequivalent iron centres [56][57]. The Mössbauer spectra do not support this as no line broadening (FWHM Γ

• -active iron centres is difficult to be reliably detected. An increasing crystallinity of the nanoparticles did change the spin crossover behaviour towards that of the bulk complexes. Consequently, magnetic measurements were done for the samples d and e after four and five cycles of addition of complex in

Probing the magnetic superexchange couplings between terminal Cu^II ions in heterotrinuclear bis(oxamidato) type complexes

• Mohammad A. Abdulmalic,
• Saddam Weheabby,
• Francois E. Meva,
• Azar Aliabadi,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Frederik Schleife,
• Berthold Kersting and
• Tobias Rüffer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.82

• . The temperature dependence of the static magnetization was measured in a temperature range T = 1.8–300 K and at µ0H = 1 T with this device. For these magnetic measurements, single crystals of the individual complexes were taken and gently heated (ca. 35 °C) overnight in vacuum to obtain materials free

Methods for preparing polymer-decorated single exchange-biased magnetic nanoparticles for application in flexible polymer-based films

• Laurence Ourry,
• Delphine Toulemon,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 408–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.43

• nanoparticles, and it is here respected in the case of exchange-biased nanoparticles. It is clear that the material processing approach we proposed here, namely, the controlled surface polymerization of oxide-based ENPs, is able to tune their magnetic properties. Further magnetic measurements are still in

Ferromagnetic behaviour of ZnO: the role of grain boundaries

• Boris B. Straumal,
• Svetlana G. Protasova,
• Andrei A. Mazilkin,
• Eberhard Goering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Petr B. Straumal and
• Brigitte Baretzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1936–1947, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.185

• size of 31 nm and sGB = 5.32·107 m2/m3. These sGB values are, respectively, slightly below and above the threshold value sth = 5.3 × 107 m2/m3 for pure ZnO (Figure 1a and [7]). The magnetic measurements supported the choice of three specimens. Namely, the single crystal showed only a negligibly small

Cubic chemically ordered FeRh and FeCo nanomagnets prepared by mass-selected low-energy cluster-beam deposition: a comparative study

• Veronique Dupuis,
• Anthony Robert,
• Arnaud Hillion,
• Ghassan Khadra,
• Nils Blanc,
• Damien Le Roy,
• Florent Tournus,
• Clement Albin,
• Olivier Boisron and
• Alexandre Tamion

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1850–1860, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.177

• obtained the experimental persistence of high ferromagnetic magnetization down to 3 K for size-selected chemically ordered B2-like FeRh nanocrystals up to 5 nm in diameter. In particular, magnetic measurements on annealed 3.3 nm FeRh samples, have demonstrated ferromagnetic alignment of Fe and Rh at low

Signal enhancement in cantilever magnetometry based on a co-resonantly coupled sensor

• Julia Körner,
• Christopher F. Reiche,
• Thomas Gemming,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Gerald Gerlach and
• Thomas Mühl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1033–1043, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.96

• qualitative analysis of our obtained data, we now want to show the possibility to extract reliable magnetic information from the measured frequency shifts, making our sensor suitable for quantitative magnetic measurements. Effective spring constant of the coupled system In order to derive magnetic information